In the twenty-first century, humanity is difficult to imagine that, for example, 200 years ago, people did not know what electricity is, most modern modes of transport, television, not to mention mobile phones, Skype, the Internet and other component of the modern information society.
- In this regard, it will be interesting to consider the authorship of any inventions that have become crucial for the development of mankind, owned by Russian inventors. Of course, it is impossible to cover all areas of invention, so in this article we will present a certain percentage of the selectivity and subjectivity. Outset that in the Russian state the main components of patent law (which is of direct relevance in establishing the primacy of the invention) are formed only with the 30-ies. XIX century., Whereas in the West with the notion introduced earlier. And that's why the phrase "first to invent" and "first patented" is not always identical.
Warfare, weapons
1 GE Kotelnikov - inventor of the knapsack parachute. While in theater, the inventor saw in the hands of a lady a tightly rolled piece of cloth, which, after a little work hand turned into a dissolute scarf. So, in the mind of Kotelnikov appeared principle of the parachute. Unfortunately, the initial novelty has received recognition abroad, and only during the first World War, the tsarist government recalled the existence of this useful invention.
- Gleb Kotelnikov with his invention.
Incidentally, the inventor had other ideas, which are still not implemented 2. ND Zelinsky - invented the carbon filter mask. In spite of the Hague Convention, which prohibits the use of toxic substances? the First World War became a reality using gas-poisoning and therefore representatives of the belligerent countries began to seek ways to protect against these dangerous weapons. It was then suggested Zielinski its know-how - a gas mask, which was used as a filter activated charcoal, which, as it turned out, successfully neutralize all poisons.
- Russian soldiers in gas masks Zelinsky on the front during the First World 3. LN Gobyato - inventor of the mortar-mortar. The invention appeared in the field during the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905. Faced with the problem - the need to clear enemy forces from the immediately adjacent trenches and trenches Gobyato and his assistant Vasiliev suggested the use of these conditions, light 47 mm naval gun on wheels. Instead of the usual shells were used homemade Shestov mines, which were issued at a certain angle mounted trajectory.
- Mortar system Gobyato positions on high mountains. D. Buzaev 4. JF Alexander - inventor of the self-propelled mines (torpedoes) and the first in the domestic fleet submarine with a mechanical drive.
- Submarine Alexander's 5. VG Fedorov - inventor of the first machine. Actually under the gun initially understood automatic rifle that Fedorov began building even before the outbreak of World War II - in 1913, only in 1916 the invention was gradually applied in the fighting, although, of course, the spread of weapons of mass machine was during the Second World War .
- Automatic system Fedorov Communication, communication 1. Popov - the inventor of radio. May 7, 1895 at a meeting of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society in St. Petersburg University, demonstrated the action he had invented the radio, but did not have time to patent. Patent and the Nobel Prize (jointly with KF Brown) for the invention of radio was the Italian Marconi.
- Popov Radio 2. GG Ignatiev - the world's first developed a system of simultaneous telephony and telegraphy on a single cable. 3. VK Zworykin - inventor of television and broadcast on the electronic principle. Developed ike kinescope basics of color television. Unfortunately, most of his discoveries made in the United States, where he emigrated in 1919
4 AM is clear - the inventor of the VCR. As Zworykin emigrated from Russia during the Civil War, and, once in the United States, continued his development in the field of electronics. In 1956, under the leadership of the company Ampex Poniatowa released the world's first commercial video recorder.
- Concept with their child 5. IA Timchenko - has developed the world's first movie camera. In 1893, in Odessa, on a large piece of white sheets showing the first two in the world movie - "Javelin" and "galloping horseman."Demonstrated they were using a movie camera, which is designed mechanic and inventor Timchenko. In 1895, the patent for the invention movie camera was Louis Jean Lumiere, who along with his brother considered the founders of cinema.
Medicine 1. NI Pirogov - the first use of anesthesia in military surgery during the Caucasian War in 1847 Pirogov It began to use bandages soaked in starch, which proved to be very effective. In addition, introduced into medical practice fixed plaster cast.
- Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov first in military surgery applied anesthesia 2. GA Ilizarov - name of the inventor named machine constructed by them in 1953, is used in orthopedics, trauma, surgery. The device is an iron structure consisting of rings and spokes, and mainly got fame with fracture healing, straightening deformed bones, leveling feet.
- Pattern layout of the Ilizarov apparatus 3. SS Brukhonenko - has created the world's first heart-lung machine (avtozhektor). With the help of experiments proved that the revival of the human body after clinical death is possible as well as open-heart surgery, organ transplantation, and the creation of an artificial heart.
- Today, without the heart-lung machine bypass surgery can no longer, and the credit for their creation belongs to our compatriot 4. VP Demikhov - one of the founders of Transplantation. The world's first lung transplant carried out, and the first to create a model of an artificial heart. Experimenting on dogs in the 1940s. could the second heart transplant, and then replace the heart of a dog on the donor. Experiments on dogs subsequently saved thousands of lives 5. Fyodorov SN - radial keratomas. In 1973, the first in the world designed and carried out operations for the treatment of glaucoma in the early stages (the method of deep sclerectomy subsequently gained international recognition). A year later, Fedorov began to conduct operations for the treatment and correction of myopia application front-dose cuts the cornea by the method developed by him. Altogether held for over 3 million such operations throughout the world.
- Among other things, Academician Fyodorov first in the country had a surgery to replace the eye's lens Electricity1. AN Lodygin - electric bulb. In 1872 AN Lodygin patented the world's first electric light bulb. It was used a carbon rod which was placed in a vacuum flask.
- Lodygin not only able to develop a bulb, but its patent 2. PN Iablochkov - invented arc lamp (included in a story titled "Yablochkov candle"). In 1877, some of the streets of European capitals lit "candles" Yablochkova. They were disposable, burning less than 2 hours, but the light at the same time quite clearly.
- "Spark" Yablochkova lit streets of Paris 3. MO Dolivo-Dobrovolsky - three-phase power supply system. At the end of the XIX century. Russian inventor with Polish roots invented what is now familiar to any electrician and has been used successfully around the world.
- The three-phase system developed Dolivo-Dobrovolsky, successfully used today 4. DA Lachinov - proved the possibility of the transmission of electricity through wires over long distances. 5. V. Petrov - has developed the world's largest galvanic battery, opened the electric arc. Transportation 1. Mozhaiskii - creator of the first aircraft.In 1882 Mozhayskiy built aircraft, but on tests near St. Petersburg plane separated from the land, but being unstable, tilted on its side and broke a wing. This circumstance West often used as an argument that the aircraft should be considered by the inventor that one could fly above the ground in horizontal position, i.e. The Wright Brothers.
- Model airplane Mozhaiskogo 2. I. Sikorsky - the creator of the first production helicopter. Even in the years 1908-1910. constructed two helicopters, but none of the built helicopters could not fly with the pilot. By Sikorsky helicopters returned at the end of the 1930s. Already working in the United States, to construct a model of single-rotor helicopter S-46 (VC-300).
- Sikorski at the helm of his first "flying" helicopter 3. FA Pirotsky - the inventor of the world's first electric tram.Managed to drive the cars that run on electricity, which at the level of the experiment in 1880, began to transport residents of St. Petersburg. Inventor no one supported, and a year later the brothers von Siemens implement ideas Pirotsky - opens in Berlin first permanent electric tram line.
- Today tram on electricity is an attribute of most modern cities. A first such machines have appeared in St. Petersburg due to the inventor Pirotsky 4. FA Blinov - invented and assembled crawler. Inventor - taught in the late 1870s. constructed a prototype of the modern tractor. He called it "a locomotive for unpaved roads." Support from the government has not received.
- Layout "locomotive for unpaved roads" Blinov 5. Tupolev - constructed the world's first jet airliner and the first supersonic passenger plane. These inventions have had an enormous influence on the development of civil aviation in the twentieth century. TU-144 - the world's first supersonic aircraft
- Technical inventions 1. AK Nartov - in the 1717-1718 period. invented a copying lathe with movable support (assembly for attachment).Py. Sy .:- The first satellite Queen
- thermonuclear bomb Sakharov
- semiconductor heterostructures Zh.Alferova (on the basis of which, sobsstna rests the whole of modern microelectronics) - it's just offhand. If you recall - even a dozen add
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